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3 cited sources on this page · Reviewed August 16, 2026Key takeaways
The short version
- Pipes freeze after heat stops, not during the storm.
- A sump with no power is not a sump.
- Know the water shutoff before you need it in the dark.
- Damage often appears when things thaw and restart.
The short answer
Direct answer
Extended winter outages cause water damage in three main ways: heating stops and pipes freeze, sump pumps stop and basements take water, and generator or alternative heating use introduces new risks. The priority during an outage is maintaining above-freezing temperature and knowing where the water shutoff is.
The three failure paths
Heat stops, the building cools and plumbing in exterior walls, unheated spaces and crawl spaces reaches freezing. A sump stops and groundwater rises. Alternative heating and generators introduce combustion and carbon monoxide risks that are more serious than the property damage.
The third of these is a safety matter first. Generators and fuel-burning heaters have placement and ventilation requirements that are not negotiable.
What to do while it is out
Maintaining above-freezing temperature is the objective, which may mean concentrating on part of the building. Opening cabinet doors under sinks on exterior walls helps warm air reach those pipes.
Knowing where the main shutoff is, and being able to reach it in the dark, is worth confirming before an outage rather than during one.
Start the restoration request
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Send the address, callback number and a short description of the damage. You do not need to diagnose the problem before requesting help.
Draining down, and when it is the right call
Where an outage looks likely to be long and the building cannot be kept above freezing, draining the system is the decisive prevention. It is disruptive and it works.
That decision is easier to make early. Once pipes have already frozen, draining does not undo it and thawing becomes the immediate question.
When the power comes back
The restart is when much of the damage becomes visible, and a short check catches problems before they run.
- Walk the building and look for water before leaving it unattended
- Check the sump ran and the pit is not overflowing
- Look at ceilings below bathrooms and kitchens
- Check exterior-wall plumbing and unheated spaces
- Confirm heating restarted properly across every zone
- Check any appliance that was mid-cycle when power failed
If a pipe froze but has not burst
A frozen line may not have split. Thawing it slowly and safely, and being ready at the shutoff when flow returns, is the sequence.
Do not use open flame. If a line has split, the damage appears the moment flow is restored, which is why someone should be at the valve.
Where a generator changes the calculation
A generator that keeps heat and a sump running converts a potential whole-building loss into an inconvenience. Where a property depends on a sump, that is the argument for one.
Placement, fuel storage and carbon monoxide are safety requirements that come before the property benefit, and they are worth setting up properly before the season.
Vermont outages and the buildings most exposed
Vermont's combination of tree cover, rural distribution lines and heavy wet snow produces outages that can last well beyond a day, and the state's sustained deep cold means a building loses usable temperature faster than in a milder climate.
The most exposed properties in the service area are rural homes across Lamoille and Franklin counties on longer distribution runs, and any property whose basement depends entirely on a sump. Vermont's Climate Assessment points to shifting storm patterns for the state, which argues for treating extended outages as a normal planning assumption rather than an exception.
Clear answers
Common questions
How long before pipes freeze without heat?
It depends on outdoor temperature, building insulation and where the plumbing runs. Pipes in exterior walls, crawl spaces and unheated areas freeze first, and Vermont's sustained cold shortens the window.
Should I drain the system during an outage?
Where the outage looks likely to be long and the building cannot be kept above freezing, draining is the decisive prevention. Deciding early is much easier than deciding late.
What if my sump has no power?
It will not run and groundwater will rise. A generator or a battery backup is the practical answer for a property that depends on a sump.
My pipe froze but did not burst. What now?
Thaw it slowly and safely without open flame, and have someone at the main shutoff when flow returns, because a split shows itself the moment water moves.
What fails first in a Vermont power outage?
Heat, and then anything that depends on a pump — sump pumps stop, and in a long outage in cold weather the pipes follow. A battery or water-powered sump backup and a plan for heat are the two things that matter.
Should I drain the system if the power is out for days?
In a prolonged cold-weather outage with no heat, shutting the water off at the main and draining is the reliable protection. It is far easier than dealing with what happens if you do not.
Authoritative references
Sources used on this page
Time-sensitive rules and public guidance should be checked at the source before work begins.